Blog

SQL*Plus is the primary command-line interface to your Oracle database. You use SQL*Plus to start up and shut down the database, set database initialization parameters, create and manage users, create and alter database objects (such as tables and indexes), insert and update data, run SQL queries, and more.

red hat Linux administration training courses malaysia

Before you can submit SQL statements and commands, you must connect to the database. With SQL*Plus, you can connect locally or remotely. Connecting locally means connecting to an Oracle database running on the same computer on which you are running SQL*Plus. Connecting remotely means connecting over a network to an Oracle database that is running on a remote computer. Such a database is referred to as a remote database. The SQL*Plus executable on the local computer is provided by a full Oracle Database installation, an Oracle Client installation, or an Instant Client installation.

red hat enterprise Linux rhel training courses malaysia

Connecting to the Database with SQL*Plus

When you connect with SQL*Plus, you are connecting to the Oracle instance.

• About Connecting to the Database with SQL*Plus
  Oracle Database includes the following components: the Oracle Database instance, which is a collection of processes and memory, and a set of disk files that contain user data and system data.

red hat certified specialist in server hardening malaysia

• Step 1: Open a Command Window
  Take the necessary action on your platform to open a window into which you can enter operating system commands.
• Step 2: Set Operating System Environment Variables
  Depending on your platform, you may have to set environment variables before starting SQL*Plus, or at least verify that they are set properly.
• Step 3: Start SQL*Plus
  Start SQL*Plus.
• Step 4: Submit the SQL*Plus CONNECT Command
  Submit the SQL*Plus CONNECT command to initially connect to the Oracle database instance or at any time to reconnect as a different user.

red hat certified specialist in Linux performance tuning malaysia

One characteristic of an RDBMS is the independence of physical data storage from logical data structures.

rooms

In Oracle Database, a database schema is a collection of logical data structures, or schema objects. A database user owns a database schema, which has the same name as the user name.

dell emc certification malaysia

Schema objects are user-created structures that directly refer to the data in the database. The database supports many types of schema objects, the most important of which are tables and indexes.

comptia certification malaysia

A schema object is one type of database object. Some database objects, such as profiles and roles, do not reside in schemas.

citrix certification malaysia 2

The primary means of communicating with Oracle Database is by submitting SQL statements.

sap erp pp production planning training courses malaysia

• Submitting Commands and SQL to the Database
  There are several ways to submit SQL statements and commands to Oracle Database.
• About SQL*Plus
  SQL*Plus is the primary command-line interface to your Oracle database. You use SQL*Plus to start up and shut down the database, set database initialization parameters, create and manage users, create and alter database objects (such as tables and indexes), insert and update data, run SQL queries, and more.
• Connecting to the Database with SQL*Plus
  When you connect with SQL*Plus, you are connecting to the Oracle instance.

sap erp procurement material management training courses malaysia

1.3.1 Submitting Commands and SQL to the Database

There are several ways to submit SQL statements and commands to Oracle Database.

red hat openstack training courses malaysia

• Directly, using the command-line interface of SQL*Plus
• Indirectly, using a graphical user interface, such as Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express (EM Express) or Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control (Cloud Control)With these tools, you use an intuitive graphical interface to administer the database, and the tool submits SQL statements and commands behind the scenes. See Oracle Database 2 Day DBA and the online help for the tool for more information.
• Directly, using SQL DeveloperDevelopers use SQL Developer to create and test database schemas and applications, although you can also use it for database administration tasks.See Oracle SQL Developer User’s Guide for more information.

Oracle Database also supports a superset of SQL, which includes commands for starting up and shutting down the database, modifying database configuration, and so on.

red hat Linux certification malaysia

The current version of Oracle Database is the result of over 35 years of innovative development.

Highlights in the evolution of Oracle Database include the following:

• Founding of OracleIn 1977, Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates started the consultancy Software Development Laboratories, which became Relational Software, Inc. (RSI). In 1983, RSI became Oracle Systems Corporation and then later Oracle Corporation.
  devops certification training courses malaysia
• First commercially available RDBMSIn 1979, RSI introduced Oracle V2 (Version 2) as the first commercially available SQL-based RDBMS, a landmark event in the history of relational databases.
• Portable version of Oracle DatabaseOracle Version 3, released in 1983, was the first relational database to run on mainframes, minicomputers, and PCs. The database was written in C, enabling the database to be ported to multiple platforms.
  contact
• Enhancements to concurrency control, data distribution, and scalabilityVersion 4 introduced multiversion read consistency. Version 5, released in 1985, supported client/server computing and distributed database systems. Version 6 brought enhancements to disk I/O, row locking, scalability, and backup and recovery. Also, Version 6 introduced the first version of the PL/SQL language, a proprietary procedural extension to SQL.
• PL/SQL stored program unitsOracle7, released in 1992, introduced PL/SQL stored procedures and triggers.
  ccna certification training courses malaysia
• Objects and partitioningOracle8 was released in 1997 as the object-relational database, supporting many new data types. Additionally, Oracle8 supported partitioning of large tables.
• Internet computingOracle8i Database, released in 1999, provided native support for internet protocols and server-side support for Java. Oracle8i was designed for internet computing, enabling the database to be deployed in a multitier environment.
• Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC)Oracle9i Database introduced Oracle RAC in 2001, enabling multiple instances to access a single database simultaneously. Additionally, Oracle XML Database (Oracle XML DB) introduced the ability to store and query XML.
  careers
• Grid computingOracle Database 10g introduced grid computing in 2003. This release enabled organizations to virtualize computing resources by building a grid infrastructure based on low-cost commodity servers. A key goal was to make the database self-managing and self-tuning. Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) helped achieve this goal by virtualizing and simplifying database storage management.
• Manageability, diagnosability, and availabilityOracle Database 11g, released in 2007, introduced a host of new features that enabled administrators and developers to adapt quickly to changing business requirements. The key to adaptability is simplifying the information infrastructure by consolidating information and using automation wherever possible.
• Plugging In to the CloudOracle Database 12c, released in 2013, was designed for the Cloud, featuring a new Multitenant architecture, In-Memory column store, and support for JSON documents. Oracle Database 12c helps customers make more efficient use of their IT resources, while continuing to reduce costs and improve service levels for users.

After you have an Oracle Database installation properly configured, tuned, patched, and tested, you may want to roll that exact installation out to other hosts.

sap wm warehouse management training courses malaysia

Reasons to do this include the following:

• You have multiple production database systems.
• You want to create development and test systems that are identical to your production system.

sap supply chain management scm training courses malaysia

Instead of installing, tuning, and patching on each additional host, you can clone your tested Oracle Database installation to other hosts, saving time and avoiding inconsistencies. There are two types of cloning available to you:

• Cloning an Oracle home—Just the configured and patched binaries from the Oracle home directory and subdirectories are copied to the destination host and “fixed” to match the new environment. You can then start an instance with this cloned home and create a database.You can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control to clone an Oracle home to one or more destination hosts. You can manually clone an Oracle home using a set of provided scripts and Oracle Universal Installer.

sap s 4 hana training courses malaysia

• Cloning a database—The tuned database, including database files, initialization parameters, and so on, are cloned to an existing Oracle home (possibly a cloned home).You can use Cloud Control to clone an Oracle database instance to an existing Oracle home.

sap fico financial accounting training courses malaysia

Optimizing the performance of the database is one of your ongoing responsibilities as a DBA. Oracle Database provides a database resource management feature that helps you to control the allocation of resources among various user groups.

visual studio net training courses malaysia

The database resource manager is described in Managing Resources with Oracle Database Resource Manager.

Microsoft system center certification training courses malaysia

1.2.10 Task 10: Download and Install Release Updates and Release Update Revisions

After the database installation, download and install Release Updates (Updates) and Release Update Revisions (Revisions) for your Oracle software on a regular basis.

Microsoft sql server certification training courses malaysia

Starting with Oracle Database 18c, Oracle provides quarterly updates in the form of Release Updates (Updates) and Release Update Revisions (Revisions). Oracle no longer releases patch sets. Check the My Oracle Support website for required updates for your installation.

Microsoft sharepoint certification training courses malaysia

The relational model is the basis for a relational database management system (RDBMS). An RDBMS moves data into a database, stores the data, and retrieves it so that applications can manipulate it.

dynamics 365 sales training courses malaysia

An RDBMS distinguishes between the following types of operations:

• Logical operationsIn this case, an application specifies what content is required. For example, an application requests an employee name or adds an employee record to a table.
  dynamics 365 finance training courses malaysia
• Physical operationsIn this case, the RDBMS determines how things should be done and carries out the operation. For example, after an application queries a table, the database may use an index to find the requested rows, read the data into memory, and perform many other steps before returning a result to the user. The RDBMS stores and retrieves data so that physical operations are transparent to database applications.
  dynamics 365 field service training courses malaysia

Oracle Database is an RDBMS. An RDBMS that implements object-oriented features such as user-defined types, inheritance, and polymorphism is called an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS). Oracle Database has extended the relational model to an object-relational model, making it possible to store complex business models in a relational database.

dynamics 365 customer service training courses malaysia

After you back up the database structure, you can enroll the users of the database in accordance with your Oracle license agreement, and grant appropriate privileges and roles to these users.

iot internet of things training courses malaysia

1.2.7 Task 7: Implement the Database Design

After you create and start the database, and enroll the system users, you can implement the planned logical structure database by creating all necessary tablespaces. When you have finished creating tablespaces, you can create the database objects.

IBM lotus notes domino datastage training courses malaysia

Oracle Database Structure and Storage and Schema Objects provide information on creating logical storage structures and objects for your database.

IBM websphere training courses malaysia

1.2.8 Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database

When the database is fully implemented, again back up the database. In addition to regularly scheduled backups, you should always back up your database immediately after implementing changes to the database structure.

VMware certification training courses malaysia

In his seminal 1970 paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks,” E. F. Codd defined a relational model based on mathematical set theory. Today, the most widely accepted database model is the relational model.

hadoop training courses malaysia

A relational database is a database that conforms to the relational model. The relational model has the following major aspects:

• StructuresWell-defined objects store or access the data of a database.
• OperationsClearly defined actions enable applications to manipulate the data and structures of a database.
• Integrity rulesIntegrity rules govern operations on the data and structures of a database.

dynamics 365 supply chain training courses malaysia

A relational database stores data in a set of simple relations. A relation is a set of tuples. A tuple is an unordered set of attribute values.

exchange server certification training courses malaysia

A table is a two-dimensional representation of a relation in the form of rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Each row in a table has the same set of columns. A relational database is a database that stores data in relations (tables). For example, a relational database could store information about company employees in an employee table, a department table, and a salary table.

dynamics 365 training courses malaysia

After you complete the database design, you can create the database and open it for normal use.

project management training courses malaysia

You can create a database at installation time, using the Database Configuration Assistant, or you can supply your own scripts for creating a database.

See Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database, for information on creating a database and Starting Up and Shutting Down for guidance in starting up the database.

iot training courses malaysia

1.2.5 Task 5: Back Up the Database

After you create the database structure, perform the backup strategy you planned for the database.

itil training courses malaysia

Create any additional redo log files, take the first full database backup (online or offline), and schedule future database backups at regular intervals.

devops training courses malaysia