Sharding Architecture

Oracle Sharding is a database scaling technique based on horizontal partitioning of data across multiple Oracle databases. Applications perceive the pool of databases as a single logical database.

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Key benefits of sharding for OLTP applications include linear scalability, fault containment, and geographical data distribution. Sharding is well suited to deployment in the cloud. Unlike NoSQL data stores that implement sharding, Oracle Sharding provides the benefits of sharding without sacrificing the capabilities of an enterprise RDBMS.

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In a sharding architecture, each database is hosted on dedicated server with its own local resources – CPU, memory, flash, or disk. Each database in such configuration is called a shard. All of the shards together make up a single logical database, which is referred to as a sharded database (SDB).

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Horizontal partitioning involves splitting a database table across shards so that each shard contains the table with the same columns but a different subset of rows. A table split up in this manner is also known as a sharded table.

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The following figure shows a sharded table horizontally partitioned across three shards.

Figure 1-5 Horizontal Partitioning of a Table Across ShardsDescription of Figure 1-5 follows
Description of “Figure 1-5 Horizontal Partitioning of a Table Across Shards”

A use case is distributing customer account data across multiple physical databases. For example, a customer with ID 28459361 may look up his records. The following figure shows a possible architecture. The customer request is routed through a connection pool, where sharding directors (network listeners) direct the request to the appropriate shard, which contains all the customer rows.

Figure 1-6 Oracle Sharding ArchitectureDescription of Figure 1-6 follows
Description of “Figure 1-6 Oracle Sharding Architecture”

See also

Using Oracle Sharding for an overview of Oracle Sharding

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