The multitenant architecture enables an Oracle database to be a multitenant container database (CDB).
A non-CDB is a traditional Oracle database that cannot contain PDBs. A CDB is a single physical database that contains zero, one, or many user-created pluggable databases. A pluggable database (PDB) is a portable collection of schemas, schema objects, and nonschema objects that appears to an Oracle Net client as a non-CDB.
Note
CDBs and non-CDBs have architectural differences. This manual assumes the architecture of a non-CDB unless otherwise indicated.
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Benefits of the Multitenant Architecture
The multitenant architecture solves a number of problems posed by the traditional non-CDB architecture.
Large enterprises may use hundreds or thousands of databases, often running on different platforms on multiple physical servers. Modern servers are able to handle heavier workloads than before. A database may use only a fraction of the server hardware capacity. This approach wastes both hardware and human resources.
By consolidating multiple physical databases on separate computers into a single database on a single computer, the multitenant architecture provides the following benefits:
- Cost reduction for hardware
- Easier and more rapid movement of data and code
- Easier management and monitoring of the physical database
- Separation of data and code
- Separation of duties between a PDB administrator, who manages only the PDBs to which she or he is granted privileges, and the CDB administrator, who manages the entire CDB
Benefits for manageability include:
- Easier upgrade of data and code by unplugging and plugging in PDBs
- Easier testing by using PDBs for development before plugging them in to the production CDB
- Ability to flash back an individual PDB to a previous SCN
- Ability to set performance limits for memory and I/O at the PDB level
- Ability to install, upgrade, and manage a master application definition within an application container, which is a set of PDBs plugged in to a common application root
See also
Oracle Multitenant Administrator’s Guide to learn more about the benefits of the multitenant architecture
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