Understand normalization

Normalization is a term used by database professionals for a schema design process that minimizes data duplication and enforces data integrity.

While there are many complex rules that define the process of refactoring data into various levels (or forms) of normalization, a simple definition for practical purposes is:

1. Separate each entity into its own table.
2. Separate each discrete attribute into its own column.
3. Uniquely identify each entity instance (row) using a primary key.
4. Use foreign key columns to link related entities.

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