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Microsoft offers previews of Azure features for evaluation purposes. With Azure Preview Features, you can try out prerelease features and services before they’re rolled out to everyone.

Some common types of previews that you might see include:

• New storage types
• New Azure services, such as Machine Learning enhancements
• New or enhanced integration with other platforms
• New APIs for services

Azure feature previews are available under certain terms and conditions that are specific to each particular Azure preview. Some previews aren’t covered by customer support.

Once a feature has been evaluated and tested successfully, it might be released to customers as part of Azure’s default product set. This release is referred to as General Availability (GA).

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Let’s look at how to create and modify dashboards in the Azure portal. In this unit, you learn about creating and using dashboards. In the next unit, you’ll try out the things you learned.

What is a dashboard?

A dashboard is a customizable collection of UI tiles displayed in the Azure portal. You can add, remove, and position tiles to create the exact view you want, then save that view as a dashboard. You can configure multiple dashboards, and you can switch among them as needed. You can even share your dashboards with other team members.

Dashboards give you flexibility in what information to display. For example, you can create dashboards for specific roles within the organization, then use role-based access control (RBAC) to control who can access each dashboard.

Dashboards are stored as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) files. This format means you can download a dashboard and edit the file directly, then upload it again to Azure or share it with other users. Azure stores dashboards within resource groups, just like any other resource that you can manage within the portal.

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With an Azure account, you can sign into the Azure portal. The portal is a web-based administration site that lets you interact with Azure services and the resources you’ve created. Almost everything you do with Azure can be done through this web interface.

Azure portal layout

When you first sign in to the Azure portal, the default page is Home.You can change your default view to the customizable Dashboard in the portal’s settings. You’ll learn more about dashboards later in this module.

Copilot in Azure

Near the top of the screen, you see the Copilot button.

If your organization has made Microsoft Copilot in Azure (preview) available, you can select this button to ask questions, quickly navigate to services and resources, or get help with tasks. For example, Copilot in Azure can help you design, operate, optimize, and troubleshoot your Azure apps and infrastructure. Copilot for Azure can also help you gain new insights about which Azure services can help with your objectives.

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You can configure and manage Azure using a broad range of tools and platforms. There are tools available for the command line, language-specific Software Development Kits (SDKs), developer tools, tools for migration, and many others.

Tools that are commonly used for day-to-day management and interaction include:

• Azure portal for interacting with Azure via a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Azure PowerShell and Azure Command-Line Interface (CLI) for command-line and automation-based interactions with Azure
• Azure Cloud Shell for a web-based command-line interface
• Azure mobile app for monitoring and managing your resources from your mobile device

There are also Azure SDKs for a range of languages and frameworks and REST APIs to help manage and control Azure resources programmatically.

When you’re starting out with Azure, you’ll probably use the Azure portal most often.

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What is a custom security attribute?

Custom security attributes in Microsoft Entra ID are business-specific attributes (key-value pairs) that you can define and assign to Microsoft Entra objects. These attributes can be used to store information, categorize objects, or enforce fine-grained access control over specific Azure resources.

Why use custom security attributes?

• Extend user profiles, such as add Employee Hire Date and Hourly Salary to all my employees.
• Ensure only administrators can see the Hourly Salary attribute in my employees’ profiles.
• Categorize hundreds or thousands of applications to easily create a filterable inventory for auditing.
• Grant users access to the Azure Storage blobs belonging to a project.

What can I do with custom security attributes?

• Define business-specific information (attributes) for your tenant.
• Add a set of custom security attributes on users, applications, Microsoft Entra resources, or Azure resources.
• Manage Microsoft Entra objects using custom security attributes with queries and filters.
• Provide attribute governance so attributes determine who can get access.

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Microsoft paid cloud services, such as Microsoft 365, Enterprise Mobility + Security, Dynamics 365, and other similar products, require licenses. These licenses are assigned to each user who needs access to these services. To manage licenses, administrators use one of the management portals (Office or Azure) and PowerShell cmdlets. Microsoft Entra ID is the underlying infrastructure that supports identity management for all Microsoft cloud services. Microsoft Entra ID stores information about license assignment states for users.

Until now, licenses could only be assigned at the individual user level, which can make large-scale management difficult. For example, to add or remove user licenses based on organizational changes, such as users joining or leaving the organization or a department, an administrator often must write a complex PowerShell script. This script makes individual calls to the cloud service.

To address those challenges, Microsoft Entra ID now includes group-based licensing. You can assign one or more product licenses to a group. Microsoft Entra ID ensures that the licenses are assigned to all members of the group. Any new members who join the group are assigned the appropriate licenses. When they leave the group, those licenses are removed. This licensing management eliminates the need for automating license management via PowerShell to reflect changes in the organization and departmental structure on a per-user basis.

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With the proliferation of devices of all shapes and sizes and the proliferation of bring-your-own-device (BYOD), IT professionals are faced with two somewhat opposing goals:

• Allow end users to be productive wherever and whenever and on any device
• Protect the organization’s assets

To protect these assets, IT-staff needs to first manage the device identities. IT-staff can build on the device identity with tools like Microsoft Intune to ensure standards for security and compliance are met. Microsoft Entra ID enables single sign-on to devices, apps, and services from anywhere through these devices.

• Your users get access to your organization’s assets they need.
• Your IT-staff gets the controls they need to secure your organization.

Microsoft Entra registered devices

The goal of Microsoft Entra registered devices is to provide your users with support for the BYOD or mobile device scenarios. In these scenarios, a user can access your organization’s Microsoft Entra ID controlled resources using a personal device.

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A Microsoft Entra group helps organize users, which makes it easier to manage permissions. Using groups lets the resource owner (or Microsoft Entra directory owner), assign a set of access permissions to all the members of the group, instead of having to provide the rights one-by-one. Groups allow us to define a security boundary and then add and remove specific users to grant or deny access with a minimum amount of effort. Even better, Microsoft Entra ID supports the ability to define membership based on rules – such as what department a user works in, or the job title they have.

Microsoft Entra ID allows you to define two different types of groups.

• Security groups – the most common type of groups and are used to manage member and computer access to shared resources for a group of users. For example, you can create a security group for a specific security policy. By doing it this way, you can give a set of permissions to all the members at once, instead of having to add permissions to each member individually. This option requires a Microsoft Entra administrator.
• Microsoft 365 groups – provide collaboration opportunities by giving members access to a shared mailbox, calendar, files, SharePoint site, and more. This option also lets you give people outside of your organization access to the group. This option is available to users as well as admins.

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Every user who needs access to Azure resources needs an Azure user account. A user account contains all the information needed to authenticate the user during the sign-on process. Once authenticated Microsoft Entra ID builds an access token to authorize the user and determine what resources they can access and what they can do with those resources.

You use the Microsoft Entra ID dashboard in the Azure portal to work with user objects. Keep in mind that you can only work with a single directory at a time. You can use the Directory + Subscription panel to switch directories. The dashboard also has a Switch directory button in the toolbar which makes it easy to switch to another available directory.

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At some point, you might have to decide whether to upgrade or retire company hardware. Several factors will help guide your decision on whether to upgrade or retire a system and purchase net new. First, you must decide whether upgrading is necessary. You base this decision on factors such as the age of the current computers, their performance, and the cost of upgrading compared to continuing to use them.

In most cases, consider the following factors:

• You’ll need facilities to store systems undergoing refurbishment and a place to store them until you return them to the user’s workspace.
• You can upgrade software in place at a user’s workstation. However, upgrading an application to a new version requires more planning and testing than managing an update.
• Some organizations have procedures to refurbish used equipment and test stock items before deployment or after users return them. New employees might need fully equipped computers to perform their duties.

Retirement

The retirement phase is an issue that every organization must eventually face. This phase focuses on successfully removing a system from production when it’s no longer useful. As you retire legacy systems and replace them with new systems, you must efficiently complete this effort without interrupting daily organizational business needs or end-users work. Eventually, all software systems become obsolete, or other systems supersede them. Hardware systems undergo upgrades, but sometimes you no longer require and should remove them.

Other factors that you must consider when planning the retirement phase include:

• IT professionals should perform computer pickup in a way that causes the least interruptions to users. Typically, you can do this during non-business hours by going to each department or room to retrieve computers. IT departments usually coordinate pickups with the distribution of new systems.
• Like your refurbishing efforts, you should also prepare computers for reselling. If systems will go to an outside entity, ensure that sensitive information stored on hard drives and other magnetic media doesn’t travel outside your organization. As part of the retirement process, you should typically remove the data stored on drives. You can use many software tools to do this, and some machines can erase drives in bulk, even if the drives aren’t operational.
• Your organization might require administrative processing, which refers to the paperwork necessary to inventory and account for all computer equipment removals and sales. You can accomplish this with an existing inventory system.
• You might need to perform packing and shipping and a loading-dock area for pickups.
• It would be best to consider the equipment’s residual or resale value for accounting. For example, companies assign laptops at a higher price than desktops. Some organizations give old equipment to charity and use such donations as part of their overall tax accommodation.

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