Differences between morning and evening types can also be founded on lifestyle and health. There are significant differences in the consumption of legal substances (alcohol, coffee, nicotine, caffeinated beverages) and illegal drugs between people with extreme M/E preferences. Evening types reported higher consumption of both (Danielsson et al. 2019; Wittmann et al. 2006). This overuse could be explained as an attempt to cope with social jet lag (SJL). SJL is a discrepancy between biological time, determined by our internal body clock, and social times, mainly dictated by social obligations such as school or work (Caliandro et al. 2021). Given current social factors and pressures, evening types are thought to use stimulants first to help them cope with sleep deprivation and its associated effects. However, it should be borne in mind that substance use (especially addiction) is a complex process and is influenced by many other variables, not just circadian preferences and related genes (Adan et al. 2012). An unhealthy lifestyle is associated with increasing obesity, unhealthy diets, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, and other civilization disorders (Didikoglu et al. 2019; Mazri et al. 2020). Moreover, evening types have more frequent mental disorders and more sleeping problems (Merikanto et al. 2016; Patterson et al. 2016).
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