Database administrators can be authenticated with account passwords, operating system (OS) authentication, password files, or strong authentication with a directory-based authentication service, such as Oracle Internet Directory.
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- About Authentication Methods for Database Administrators
There are several ways to authenticate database administrators. - Nonsecure Remote Connections
To connect to Oracle Database as a privileged user over a nonsecure connection, you must be authenticated by a password file. - Local Connections and Secure Remote Connections
You can connect to Oracle Database as a privileged user over a local connection or a secure remote connection.
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About Authentication Methods for Database Administrators
There are several ways to authenticate database administrators.
Oracle database can authenticate database administrators through the data dictionary, (using an account password) like other users. Keep in mind that database passwords are case-sensitive. See Oracle Database Security Guide for more information about case-sensitive database passwords.
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In addition to normal data dictionary authentication, the following methods are available for authenticating database administrators with the SYSDBA, SYSOPER, SYSBACKUP, SYSDG, or SYSKM privilege:
- Operating system (OS) authentication
- Password file including Kerberos and SSL authentication services
- Strong authentication with a directory-based authentication service, such as Oracle Internet Directory
These methods are required to authenticate a database administrator when the database is not started or otherwise unavailable. (They can also be used when the database is available.)
The remainder of this section focuses on operating system authentication and password file authentication. See Oracle Database Security Guide for information about authenticating database administrators with directory-based authentication services.
Your choice is influenced by whether you intend to administer your database locally on the same system where the database resides, or whether you intend to administer many different databases from a single remote client. The following figure illustrates the choices you have for database administrator authentication schemes.
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